The Effects of Positive Self-Instruction: A Controlled Trial

Abstract:
In this article it is argued that positive self-instruction can be an important aid for the treatment of emotional disorders. A review of the literature revealed that studies on the effects of positive self-instruction are often unclear and generally hampered by contamination between different treatment techniques. The present study tests the effects of positive self-instruction in isolation. A pre-post controlled trial with participants characterized by low self-esteem was carried out. In the experimental condition 24 participants were instructed to write a short positive text about themselves and to read this text twice daily for a period of 3 weeks. In the control condition 26 participants carried out a neutral task which consisted of writing the endings of a few short stories. Positive self-instruction had positive effects on self-esteem and on feelings of inadequacy, especially in those participants who were intrinsically motivated to carry out the experimental task. The intervention had no significant effects on a number of personality trait measures, which negates demand characteristics as an alternative explanation for our findings. Implications for clinical practice and research are considered.

See also: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search;jsessionid=zb2qg5pgq955...

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Note added at 1 hr (2012-10-24 15:48:25 GMT)
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Sorry, the abstract is here: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/cotr/1998/00000022...

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Note added at 11 hrs (2012-10-25 01:30:59 GMT)
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Behavioural techniques used in CBT
The therapist uses a combination of tools to achieve the goals. Some important tools are:
Self-instruction: Imagery, affirmations or motivational self-talk.
Coping techniques for negative thoughts: For example, imagining a stop sign when negative thoughts flood in and replacing these thoughts with positive thoughts.
http://www.mdhil.com/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/

While RET emphasizes the elimination of negative thoughts, self-instruction emphasizes how individuals cope with those thoughts.
http://faculty.soe.syr.edu/pedersen/report/icccp.html

Stress: Inoculation Training/Therapy: a type of psychotherapy that focuses on teaching self-instruction to cope with negative thoughts and stress.
http://www.depressioncenter.net/Education/DepressionGlossary...