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Obrigação correal

English translation: joint and several liability

10:56 Mar 3, 2023
Portuguese to English translations [PRO]
Law/Patents - Law (general) / obrigação correal
Portuguese term or phrase: Obrigação correal
This is pertaining to the Brazilian law of obligations and the distinction it makes between obrigação correal and obrigação "in solidum".

Although I seem to understand the concept, I have not found a whole lot about this term even in Portuguese.

Any translation suggestion would be VERY welcome.

Here's an excerpt for context:

Roma existem dois tipos de solidariedade: há a obrigação correal e a obrigação "in solidum". Convém tratar separadamente das duas. A obrigação correal dos intérpretes e correspondente à solidariedade moderna, chama-se "duo aut plures rei stipulandi credendi" ou "duo aut plures rei promittendi debendi", segundo seja a favor de dois ou mais credores ou contra dois ou mais devedores.

Porisso, a correalidade é ativa e passiva. Seu caráter, entretanto, é o mesmo nos dois casos: cada credor pode exigir de cada devedor a totalidade da obrigação. Também, o cumprimento da obrigação por qualquer devedor e o exercício da ação por qualquer credor extinguem a obrigação em relação aos outros credores e devedores.

A obrigação correal cria tantos vínculos quantos forem os sujeitos, mas seu objeto é u m só. Donde o efeito acima indicado.


Here is another one:

No direito romano comum, distinguiam-se as obrigações correais e as solidárias ditas simples. (a) No tocante àquelas, o efeito extintivo teria de ser a favor de todos os devedores para que se pudesse extinguir a obrigação correal (adimplemento, dação em soluto, consignação judicial, compensação operada, a acceptilatio, a remissão, a novação, sendo de notar-se que a litis contestatio, antes de Justiniano, tinha efeito extintivo, e a sentença absolutória que declara a inexistência da dívida).
Deborah Lüdi Reidy
United States
English translation:joint and several liability
Explanation:
The obligation binds various obligees, but each of them can be compelled to perform the entire obligation.
Selected response from:

Mark Robertson
Local time: 10:01
Grading comment
Selected automatically based on peer agreement.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
5 +2joint and several liability
Mark Robertson
4 +1joint-only obligation
Adrian MM.


  

Answers


1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5 peer agreement (net): +2
joint and several liability


Explanation:
The obligation binds various obligees, but each of them can be compelled to perform the entire obligation.

Mark Robertson
Local time: 10:01
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 1218
Grading comment
Selected automatically based on peer agreement.

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  ZT-Translations
8 mins
agree  Andrew Bramhall: This is how I understand it too;
5 hrs
neutral  philgoddard: But then how do you translate "in solidum"?
6 hrs
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
obrigação correal
joint-only obligation


Explanation:
> as opposed to In solidum' joint *and* several. Surely, they must be different. Compare in Spanish conjunta y solidaria : joint as well as joint and several.

No tactical voting please !

Example sentence(s):
  • An obligation is joint when the debtors are bound to perform the obligation together and the creditor may require performance only from all of them together.
  • 1 III.–4:102: Solidary, divided and joint obligations (1) An obligation is solidary (several?) when each debtor is bound to perform the obligation in full and the creditor may require performance from any of them until full performance has been received

    Reference: http://www.revistas.usp.br/rfdusp/article/view/66348/68958
Adrian MM.
Austria
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 111

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Mario Freitas: What is 'tactical voting'?
1 hr
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